What was the origin of Zionism, and how did Jews migrate to Palestine?

In the sacred lands surrounding Jerusalem, which are revered by the three Abrahamic religions, bloodshed and tears have never ceased throughout history. In 1896, under the leadership of Theodor Herzl, the goal of Zionism targeted the Palestinian territories. Since that time, these lands have been systematically and gradually subjected to occupation. So, how did Zionism emerge, and how did Jews migrate to Palestine with different waves of immigration to settle permanently with political consciousness? The term 'Zion' was initially used in the Old Testament for the city of Jerusalem, conquered and made the center of the kingdom by King David. Over time, the meaning of this term expanded to encompass all the territories that Israel claimed. In Western Europe, the idea of equality before the law for people of different religions began to spread after the French Revolution, leading Jews to obtain political-administrative-cultural rights and integrate into the societies where they lived. However, in Eastern Europe, especially in Russia, both state-based pressures and conflicts based on Christian communities increased for Jews. Jews consider this land as the place 'promised by God to Abraham and his descendants' and act accordingly. The promise made to Abraham in the Old Testament includes the region 'from the river of Egypt to the great river Euphrates,' and the promise made to Moses and Joshua states, 'Every place where you set your foot will be yours.' Before the emergence of Zionism, the first significant Jewish migration to Palestine laid the groundwork for systematic migration that would continue in waves. Although Jewish migration was predominantly directed towards the West and America, the role of the Hibbat Zion movement was crucial in pioneering the emergence of political Zionism. As a systematic political movement, Zionism was founded by Theodor Herzl in the 1890s. The Hibbat Zion movement rapidly expanded among Jews in Europe and other places, playing a significant role in laying the groundwork for the Zionist movement. Observing the increasing anti-Semitism in Europe, Herzl believed that Jews, as often marginalized minorities, could not assimilate into the societies of the countries they lived in. Dedicating himself to the Jewish cause, Herzl wrote a book titled 'Der Judenstaat,' proposing the idea of a state for Jews. Although met with different reactions among Jews, this idea soon became a foundation for the institutionalized Zionist movement with the goal of the return of Jews from the diaspora to the 'holy lands' and the establishment of a 'Jewish homeland in Palestine.' Following the campaigns written under the slogan 'A homeland without a people for a people without a homeland,' a massive Jewish migration to historic Palestinian lands began after the letter, leading to the displacement of approximately 957,000 Palestinians from historical villages and cities by armed Zionist gangs in 1948, intensifying the occupation process. With the establishment of Israel, the Arab-Israeli Wars began. After the war, the West Bank was occupied by Jordan, the Gaza Strip by Egypt, and the remaining territories by Israel. Naturally, the Palestinian people suffered, and both neighboring Arab countries and Israel benefitted from this situation. In this perspective, the rejection of the official Zionist mythology of the State of Israel becomes apparent. However, a minority among the representatives of this movement, who reject the pioneers of Zionism themselves, has emerged, and they prefer to speak of 'a-sionism.' According to Post-Zionism, Israel should no longer be the 'state for Jews' and should become a state for all its citizens or adopt a dual-nationalistic structure where Arabs and Jews have equal power.