Pro-Assad regime air force pilots flying Sukhoi Su-22 military planes and a helicopter dropped bombs containing poisonous chlorine and sarin nerve gas on a village in the country's western Hama region in March 2017, a new team at the global chemical weapons watchdog concluded in its first report.
The special investigative unit was established by members of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) in 2018 to identify perpetrators of illegal attacks. Until now the OPCW had only been authorised to say whether chemical attacks occurred, not who perpetrated them.
Syria's mission to the United Nations in New York did not immediately respond to a request for comment and there was no immediate reaction from Damascus to the report. In Moscow the Russian Foreign Ministry did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said in a statement the United States concurred in the new report's findings, calling them "the latest in a large and growing body of evidence that the Assad regime uses chemical weapons attacks in Syria as part of a deliberate campaign of violence against the Syrian people."
Washington also assesses that Assad regime retains enough sarin and chlorine and expertise "to use sarin, produce and deploy chlorine munitions and develop new CW (chemical weapons)," Pompeo said. Damascus should immediately halt the production, stockpiling and use of such weapons, he said.
The OPCW Investigation and Identification Team (IIT) said more than 100 people were affected by the 2017 attacks, carried out on March 24, 25 and 30 in the town of Ltamenah.
According to the IIT report, the 50th brigade of the 22nd air division of the regime air force dropped M4000 aerial bombs containing sarin on the town and a cylinder containing chlorine on a hospital. The raids were conducted from the Sharat and Hama air bases, it said.
"Military operations of such a strategic nature as these three attacks only occur pursuant to orders from the highest levels of the Assad regime's armed forces," it said.
While individuals were identified by the OPCW investigators, their names have been redacted from the report, which was to be circulated to the OPCW's 193 member states on Wednesday.
"There are reasonable grounds to believe that the perpetrators ... were individuals belonging to the regime air force," OPCW team leader Santiago Onate-Laborde said.
The OPCW's identification team is not a judicial body and it will be up to OPCW's members, the U.N. Secretary General and the international community to "take any further action they deem appropriate and necessary", OPCW chief Fernando Arias said.
An attack on the Syrian town of Douma led U.S. President Donald Trump to carry out missile strikes on the regime targets in April 2018 with the backing of France and Britain.
Created in 1997, the OPCW was initially a technical body to enforce a global non-proliferation treaty. It has become the focus of diplomatic conflict between Syria and Russia on one side and the United States, France and Britain on the other.
