Argentina's ex-president Mauricio Macri was charged Wednesday with ordering the illegal surveillance, as head of state, of relatives of 44 sailors who died when a navy submarine sank in 2017.
Judge Martin Bava issued an indictment against the 62-year-old, now the country's right-wing opposition leader, for "the offense of carrying out prohibited intelligence actions."
He is also charged with "creating conditions for data of persons to be collected, stored and used," according to the 174-page ruling.
Macri, who was president from 2015 to 2019, risks between three and 10 years in jail for allegedly violating Argentina's intelligence laws.
At a preliminary court appearance earlier this month, the former president submitted a written statement in which he insisted: "I did not spy on anyone, I never ordered (anyone) in my government to spy on anyone."
The ARA San Juan sub disappeared in November 2017.
When it was found just over a year later, it was at a depth of more than 900 meters (2,950 feet) in a remote area of the South Atlantic, some 400 kilometers off the coast of Argentina.
It had been crushed from an implosion apparently caused by a technical fault. Authorities decided against attempting to refloat it.
Family members of the 44 crew members told investigators they were followed, wiretapped, filmed and intimidated into abandoning any claims related to the incident.
Macri was granted bail of 100 million pesos (about $990,000) by the judge, but is banned from leaving the country.
Macri had asked for the case to be thrown out on the grounds that the court did not have the authority to lift secrecy provisions on state intelligence to allow him to testify, but that request was rejected.
He claimed he was the victim of political persecution during campaigning for November 14 legislative elections in which Macri's Together for Change alliance ended up being the big winner.
A judge had earlier ordered the prosecution of secret service heads Gustavo Arribas and Silvia Majdalani, who reported to Macri at the time.
