Roughly 48 million TV viewers tuned in to watch Thursday's U.S. presidential debate between Democratic President Joe Biden and Republican rival Donald Trump, according to preliminary Nielsen data.
The numbers suggest the final audience will be about one-third lower than the 73 million people who watched the candidates' first face-off in 2020.
The relatively low numbers compared to past debates in recent election cycles could be indicative of low voter enthusiasm for both candidates.
Media experts were looking to see how a new format by host CNN would play out, and whether it would provide a template for future debates. The restrictions of that format - which included the option for CNN to mute the candidates' microphones - imposed some discipline on the candidates and should be emulated by other networks, three media experts said.
CNN, which held the exclusive rights to present the debate, allowed candidates two minutes for each answer and one minute for rebuttals, and muted their microphones if they exceeded those limits. The studio did not have an audience, and moderators Dana Bash and Jake Tapper did not fact-check the candidates in real time.
Biden delivered a shaky, halting performance while Trump made a series of exaggerated or false claims that mostly went unchecked by his opponent.
"Without having an audience, you got a sense of who these guys are and what they are," said Frank Sesno, professor at the School of Media and Public Affairs at George Washington University and a former CNN journalist.
"You got the sense of Trump the attack dog and Biden as something of the policy wonk and the hesitant old man that you saw standing behind that mic," Sesno said.
Trump and Biden campaign spokespeople did not immediately respond to requests for comment about the CNN format and hosts' performance.
Trump largely refrained from speaking over Biden, showing the kind of restraint that eluded him during the candidates' first debate in 2020.
The debate's format helped "save Trump from some of his worst impulses," said David Greenberg, professor of history and of journalism and media studies at Rutgers University, and may have helped the Republican candidate appeal to voters who have been put off by his interruptions in previous debates.
"The producers of debates often forget that the main thing viewers want at a debate is to hear what the candidates have to say," said Jon Klein, co-founder of Hang Media and the former president of CNN U.S. "They don't want to see a fight or performance. The mute button went a long way."
The experts agreed with CNN's decision not to have moderators fact-check the candidates during the debate, instead providing a fact-check on its websites and after the debate.
"There were a ton of inaccuracies that were left hanging but it would have been a mess to fact check the debate in real time," Sesno said.
It does not capture the full extent of online viewing, which has grown in popularity as traditional TV audiences decline.
CNN provided a feed of its production to other networks and digital outlets, requiring them to use CNN in the programming title and keeping the CNN logo on screen throughout the debate.
The debate ratings figure may increase when Nielsen releases final data later on Friday – reflects viewers across multiple networks, including CNN, Fox News and MSNBC.
The next Biden-Trump debate is scheduled to take place on Sept. 10, hosted by ABC News.
