All of creation, from the highest heavens to the depths of Earth, is under the absolute ownership of Allah. No individual has the inherent authority to lay claim to possessions, and no one can exert control over nature or others by justifying their rule through power or any other means. Going against this fundamental law, which encompasses all belief systems, classifies one as an oppressor or a transgressor.
As individuals, we are not the owners of things, but rather act as trustees who are privileged to enjoy them. These limits and regulations are governed by either religious or legal principles, which adhere to the concept of universality. This is not a matter of belief or non-belief; those who have faith must abide by this framework in shaping their perspective on life.
Amid the growing talks surrounding Jerusalem (Al-Quds) and "the promised land," I felt compelled to address this topic and pose the following inquiries: Who is meant to inhabit Jerusalem, and to whom is its protection entrusted?
Jerusalem distinguishes itself from other cities (excluding Mecca) by transcending its physical and geographical boundaries. It holds a deeper reality and spiritual significance, making it a moral imperative to consider who should possess or be responsible for it.
Let's shift our focus to the significance of Jerusalem and what it evokes in our minds. If we view Jerusalem solely as a physical place, it loses its uniqueness and superiority compared to other cities. Therefore, those who have inhabited this region for the longest time - the residents of Jerusalem - should be able to peacefully remain there.
As history shows, Jerusalem is not merely a physical place. To a Muslim, Jew, or Christian, it holds great spiritual significance and represents eternal truth. To quote the late Sezai Karakoç, a multifaceted poet, writer, and politician, it is a heavenly city brought to earth.
The city's name alone proclaims its innate message. Quds, derived from the Arabic word for "holy," stands as a sacred city upheld by divine law, shielded from the impurities of humanity's primal desires and sentiments. It serves as a beacon of truth, guiding mankind towards fulfilling their purpose in life. Those who behold Jerusalem are reminded of these principles, while those who reside within its walls strive to uphold them.
In this regard, Jerusalem is widely recognized as the epitome of a city, as noted by al-Farabi, embodying the principles and models for all future cities. As such, discussions on Jerusalem should center around justice, humanity, mercy, human virtues, and moral values rooted in faith.
Given that most of the tales featuring the prophets discussed in both the Holy Quran and the Torah are set in Jerusalem and its neighboring areas, it is imperative to view this city as the epitome of perfection, a sacred site, or at least a prominent center.
Considering Jerusalem's designation as "holy" or "ideal" could provide insight into who has responsibility for it and who may be entitled to it. The teachings outlined in the Torah can serve as a moral compass for us. It is worth noting that these principles are fundamental in all Abrahamic faiths. Furthermore, examining the varying perspectives of Islam and Judaism on these laws could shed light on the origin of current challenges.
Judaism has laws for regulating internal matters and relations, while Islam is known for introducing universal rules in history. Moreover, Islam claims to have abrogated other religions, viewing them as limited to local and tribal contexts, and instead upholding universal values centered around religious faith.
In essence, Judaism no longer holds the status of the primary religion, not due to falsification but rather due to its invalidation by the last prophet. Islam distinguishes itself in terms of universality and locality when compared to other religions or philosophical traditions. Its laws are deemed universal and applicable to all individuals, regardless of their location or the era in which they live.
The initial response to this inquiry is that Jerusalem should be given into the care of those who have faith in God, as it is stated in the first law of the perfect city. Any individual who believes in God and does not believe in any other deities will be entrusted with Jerusalem. One's comprehension of divine names determines their understanding of God.
The names of God reveal His behavior and expectations for us, as well as guiding our own actions. As such, those who recognize these moral values as the ultimate standard have a rightful claim to Jerusalem. Those who embrace the divine names as their moral compass are the true inheritors of this world, ensuring the safety of humanity and nature.
God cannot be exploited; using His name to dominate people or deceiving others through sacred values amounts to a rejection of the fundamental principles of righteousness. Those who misuse God's name or seek worldly power in His name will be disapproved in Jerusalem. Whoever associates partners with God or worships "another" by prioritizing personal interests, tribe, or self above others cannot claim to be from Jerusalem. It is essential to be conscious of the inner self, guiding one to discern where to stand or when to refrain. Therefore, those who dedicate their thoughts to understanding God's acts and reflecting on Him are deemed worthy of Jerusalem's trust.
By having faith in God, our moral actions and good deeds gain significance. Thus, a devout individual abides by the ethical standards that come with belief in God. Therefore, upholding the principle that all beings have a right to live and standing against unjust killings makes one worthy of being entrusted with Jerusalem.
The right to live is not exclusive to humans. It extends to all creatures of nature, animals and other living beings. And it should never be disregarded. Therefore, those who uphold these laws and safeguard what has been entrusted to them have the authority over Jerusalem (You shall not steal). Similarly, anyone who treats humanity as their own kin, respects elders and shows care for everyone without bias will have the privilege of Jerusalem (Honor your father and mother).
And finally, whoever honors others' right to exist, preserves their customs and heritage, and practices peaceful coexistence without hostility towards others will be deemed worthy of governing Jerusalem (You shall love your neighbor and not bear false witness).
This should be the attitude that Muslims uphold concerning Jerusalem.
* This article has been written by Ekrem Demirli for the cultural and arts website Fikriyat.
